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Cairo is also known as Al-Qâhirah
Cairo is the capital of Egypt
The native name of Egypt is Misr |
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Cairo, which means "the Triumphant" is the capital and largest city of Egypt. It is on the heart of Egypt and it is the Arab World's largest and Africa's most populous city. While Al-Qahirah is the official name of the city, in Egyptian Arabic it is called by the dialect's name for the country, Masr. (Egypt's first Arab capital, Fustat, was known as Misr al-Fustat, "City of the Tents".)
Cairo was founded by the Fatimid caliphs as a royal enclosure. It replaced Fustat as the seat of the government. It later came under the Mamluks, was ruled by the Ottomans 1517 to 1798, and briefly occupied by Napoleon. |
Muhammad Ali of Egypt made Cairo the capital of his independent empire from 1805 to 1882, after which the British took control of it until Egypt attained independence in 1922.
Cairo has a population of about 6.8 million people, according to the 2006 population census. The number of inhabitants was about a million higher at the time of the census, but this was adjusted downwards on the 17th of April 2008 when the new governorate of Helwan was created from parts of a.o. Cairo governorate. Cairo's metropolitan area has a population of about 17.8 million people. Cairo is the sixteenth most populous metropolitan area in the world. It is also the most populous metropolitan area in Africa. It is nicknamed "The City of A Thousand Minarets". It is near the site of the first capital of unified Egypt, Memphis. |
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Memphis : Memphis, the oldest capital of Egypt, was built by King Menes, and lies 24 kms southwest of Cairo, in AlBadrasheen.
Saqqara : Saqqara is the oldest Ancient Egyptian cemetery. It lies on a desert plateau, southwest of Cairo. Above rises the step-pyramid and mortuary compound, built by the engineer lmhotep for King Zoser the first of the Ill Dynasty pharaohs. It is of the mastaba-type. The pyramid is composed of six receding mastabas on top of each other. The later pyramid builders developed this concept into the familiar even-sided pyramids. The step-pyramids measures 123.5 by 107 ins, at the base and about 59 ms in height. |
The Pyramid of Unas :South of the Step-Pyramid, lies the Pyramid of Unas, last of the V Dynasty pharaohs. This pyramid is noted for its tomb chamber, whose walls are inscribed with what is known as the "Pyramid Texts", and whose ceiling is decorated with stars that seem to sparkle above the royal mummy. Near to the Pyramid of Unas lies the Persian Shaft, a tomb of XXVI Dynasty known as the "Persian Dynasty". The Shaft is 25 ms deep and at the bottom lie several tomb chambers. |
The Serapeum :Only the lower corridors remain, measuring several hundred metres, in length, and containing the tombs of the sacred bull, Apis.
It was first begun by the XVIII Dynasty. Close to the Serapeum lies the Greek Philosophers Circle, which contains statues of Plato, Heraklites, Pythagoras and Pindar. |
The Mastabas :Saqqara is noted for the mastaba-type tombs of the nobles, the most prominent of which are the tombs of V and VI Dynasty nobles. The tomb walls bear inscriptions showing the daily life of Ancient Egyptians, such as: farming, animal breeding, hunting, as well as religious rites and the offering of sacrifice to the dead. |
The Pyramids of Giza
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The Great Pyramid :The most famous structure in the world was built by King Cheops (IV Dynasty) around 2650 B.C., on an area of 13 feddans. Its height now is 137 ms (original height:146 ins). Almost 2.5 million blocks of stone were put into building this pyramid, which measures 230 ms square at the base. All this, however, dwindles when compared to the precision and astounding ability of the ancient Egyptian in building this pyramid. Close to the eastern flank of the Pyramid of Cheops lie three small pyramids dedicated either to his wives or family members. |
The Second Pyramid : Built by Kephren, south-west of his father's pyramid though lower in height: 136 ins, it still retains, on some of its upper parts, the remains of the limestone that had once covered it all. At the base, it measures 215.5 ms square. Its interior is simple, with two entrances on the north side. The Second Pyramid, like all other pyramids, had an exterior covering of fine-grain limestone. Now, only a small part of this covering remains. The visitor can also still see the remains of his mortuary temple, the Temple of the Valley, and rising causeway. These temples witnessed the religious rites during the embalming of the body. |
The Third Pyramid : Built by Mycerinus (Menkaure), South-west of the Great and Second Pyramids it is much smaller than either one (62 ins). It is distinguished by the fact that the lower part of its sides still retain their granite slab coverings. The Ancient Egyptians, it must be noted, built the pyramids to be tombs to preserve the bodies of their dead kings, especially that they believed in resurrection and immortality. The three Pyramids of Giza are Surrounded by several small pyramids, and hundreds of mastaba-tombs of the royal family, nobles and high-ranking people. |
| The Solar Boats (The Boats of Cheops) |
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The Ancient Egyptians carved spacious areas in the rock, near the Pyramids. There they placed wooden boats, to be at the disposal of the King when he went on his journey of Day and Night with the sun god, Ra, in the after world. Early excavations have discovered three such sun boat sites, on the east side of the Great Pyramid. Two other sites were discovered on the south side.
When the huge stone slabs were removed, they revealed parts of a large boat, made of cedar wood, in very good condition. |
There were also other implements, such as oars, ropes and a kiosk for sitting. The boat was 43.5 ms long, the prow and stern were 5 ms and 7 ms high respectively. The boats are now housed in a special museum, south of the Pyramid of Cheops. The museum is open from 9-4 daily, for a fixed fee.
The Sphinx : On the way to the Temple of the Valley, (of the pyramid of Kephren), lies the large statue of the Sphinx, It is one of most famous monuments in the whole world. It is, indeed, a legendary statue for it has the body of lion and the face of a man. It is 70 ms long and 20 ms high. Scholars and scientists are of the opinion that the face of the Sphinx closely resembles that of King Kephren. The Sphinx, and the Three Pyramids, are regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the World. A small fee is to be paid when visiting the Pyramids area. |
Christian Monument
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AI-Mu'allaqah Church (Hanging Church) : Dating to the late 4th and early 5th Century, this basilica was named "AI-Mu'allaqah" because it was built on top of the south gate of the Fortress of Babylon.
Church of Abu Sergah (Church of St. Sergius): Dating back to the beginning of the 5th Century, this basilica is built on the cave in which the Holy Family stayed and is regarded by visitors as a source of blessing. |
Church of Sitt Barbara (Church of St. Barbara)
Church of St. Mina
Church of Al-A dra (Church of the Virgin)
Church of the Virgin in Zaytoun ... The Virgin's Tree
Church of Marie Guirgis (Church of St. George)
The Cathedral of St. Mark : This, the largest church in Africa, was built recently in Abbassia and reflects the evolution of the art of architecture. The remains of St. Mark, the first to preach Christianity in Egypt, were moved to this Cathedral. Most of the old churches are located in the Old City on the ruins of the Fortress of Babylon.
St. Marcarious Church (Abu Sefein) |
Islamic Monuments
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Mosque of Ahmed Ibn TuIoun : The third mosque built in Egypt, it is characterized by its spacious grourilis and its unique minaret, spiral and a large collection of gypsum decoration.
Mosque of Amr Ibn AI-'Aas (AI-Fustat) : It was the first mosque build Egypt. It is simple in design and represents schools architecture from differ periods.
AI-Azhar Mosque : The first Fatimid mosque in Cairo, it was founded in Midan Hussein by Gawhar al-Sikilli in 971 AD (361 H) as both a mosque and Madrasah (school), after Fatma al-Zahraa, the daughter of the Prophet Mohammed. It is considered to be the oldest Islamic University, the first lecture having been delivered in 975 AD.
Mosque of AI-Muayid
Mosque and Madrasah of Sultan Hassan
The Blue Mosque
The Alabaster Mosque (Mosque of Mohammed Ali)
Fortress of Salah al-Din al-A yyubi (The Citadel) : Built by Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi in 1183 AD overlooking the city of Cairo from the Muqattam Hills, it houses a number of important monuments including the Mosque of Soliman Pasha, the Alabaster Mosque, the 90-meter deep Bir Yusuf (Joseph's Well) and AI-Gawhara Palace.
House of Gamal al-Din al-Dhahabi : Located in AI-Ghoureya, it is an example of Arab buildings of the early 17th Century AD.
House of AI-Seheimi : Located in Darb al-Asfar, it was founded in 1796 and constitutes another example of Islamic architecture. |
Attractions of Modern Cairo
Today, Greater Cairo homes various historic towns and modern districts.
A journey through Cairo is virtual time travel: from the Pyramids, the Hanging Church, Saladin's Citadel, the Virgin Mary's Tree, the Sphinx, and Heliopolis, to Al-Azhar, the Mosque of Amr ibn al-A'as, Saqqara, the Cairo Tower, it is including art galleries and music halls, such as the Cairo Opera House and the Old City & the famous Khan el-Khalili souk and bazaars . |
Opera House :The new 7-storey opera house at the Gezira Exhibition Grounds was inaugurated on 3. 10. 1988. Designed by a team of Japanese and Egyptian architects, it is an architectural masterpiece of Islamic design. It is equipped with the most sophisticated audio-visual system and comprises:
1. The Main Theater, a closed hall comprising 1200 seats, is used for opera, ballet and classic music performances.
2. The Second Theater is also a closed hall comprising500 seats and is used for various purposes including film festivals and conferences.
3. The Third Theater is an open one comprising 1000 seats. There are other halls, some of which are used for training and rehearsals, in addition to the Museum and the Library containing references pertaining to the most significant artistic works. |
Historical spectacle reflecting the style of life of ancient Egyptians. Visitors witness the daily activities of the ancient Egyptian who has known the oldest civilization, Just a few miles from the center of Cairo .
Dr. Hassan Ragab and his son,They have worked for over twenty years to create the most precise living recreation of the golden days of Pharaonic Egypt .
Though the city of Cairo surrounds the island, not a trace of it penetrates the thick wall of trees planted around the island. Sights include recreations of industries, games, arts, and moments from history and legend. Services such as cafeterias, boat rentals, a children's playground and a restaurant that serves both Egyptian and European dishes help to make your stay even more enjoyable. The Village also contains a papyrus museum and offers adequate services to its visitors. The visit lasts two hours. |
Cairo International
Center for
Conference
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Cairo Tower (Gezirah) |
Sound and Light Show |
The Egyptian Museum
(Tahrir Square) |
It located in Nasr City, it comprises three main conference halls, a fourth for receptions and a fifth for exhibitions. In addition, there are fully equipped secretarial offices and press center.
- Main Hall: 2,500 sq.m., 2,500 seats.
- Second Hall: 840 sq.m., 800 seats.
- Third Hall: 900 sq.m., 600 seats.
- Receptions Hall: 1,600 sq.m., 1,250 seats.
- Exhibition Hall: 2,500 sq.m. |
It is a free-standing concrete tower in Cairo, Egypt. It stands in the Zamalek district on Gezira Island in the River Nile, close to the city centre . At 187 m (614 ft), it is 43 metres (141 ft) higher than the Great Pyramid of Giza, Over 180 meters high, it is the most outstanding attraction of modern Cairo. The first of the top two storeys has a rotating restaurant and cafeteria. Visitors can enjoy a panoramic view of Cairo from the observation platform. |
In an enchanting atmosphere, with sound, light, and music, the show captivates audiences and makes re-live ancient times, the history of the Pyramids and the glory of the Pharaohs.
The show is presented in six languages: Arabic, English, French, German, Spanish, and Italian. |
The greatest collection of Egyptian antiquities is and it is regarded as one of the most prominent museums in the world for it offers visitors a chance to aquaint themselves with Egypt's ancient history over a period of 50 centuries.
without doubt, that of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. It is a place of true discovery and, even after many visits, I continue to make new and delightful discoveries every time I venture into its many galleries. Its most significant showpiece is the magnificent Tutankhamun collection. |
The Coptic Museum
(Old Cairo) |
The Museum
of Islamic Art
(Bab al-Khalq Square) |
The Khan KhaIiIi Bazaar and Sagha |
Al-Azhar Park |
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The Coptic Museum is a museum in Coptic Cairo, Egypt with the largest collection of Egyptian Christian artifacts in the world. It was founded by Marcus Simaika Pasha in 1910 to house Coptic antiquities. The museum traces the history of Christianity in Egypt from its beginnings to the present day. It was erected on 8,000 square meters offered by the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria under the guardianship of Pope Cyril V.
The Coptic museum houses the world's most important examples of Coptic art and a rare collection of ancient Christian relics including remains of architectural works, textiles, icons and old manuscripts reflecting the history of Coptic civilization. |
It is regarded as the largest museum in the Middle East, housing 80,000 rare objects dating from the dawn of Islam to the Ottoman period.
The Museum entirely faces Historic Cairo. It has two entrances; one on the north-eastern side and the other the south-eastern side. A beautiful garden with a fountain once led to the first entrance but was later removed. The entrance on Port Said Street features a very luxurious facade, rich with decorations and recesses inspired by Islamic architecture in Egypt from various periods. The Museum is a two-story building; the first floor comprises the exhibition halls and the second floor comprises the general stores. The basement contains a store connected with the Restoration Section.
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Comprising an array of shops dating to the 14th Century AD, Khan Khalili is renowned for its indigenous character and the magnificent variety of gold and silver works, embroidered clothing, leather goods and ivory-inlaid woodwork in addition to the many other attractive handicraft. |
If you had to choose one color to symbolize Cairo, it would probably be brown: the color of desert sand, camels and centuries-old buildings. The opening of Al Azhar Park came as a refreshing addition to an otherwise monochrome city, with more green than people have seen in a long time. |
Cairo shopping centers
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Shopping centers in and around Cairo appeal to most visitors. Egyptian products are so varied and meet various tastes and different levels of income.
These centers or souks (markets) provide quality which rivals International standards.
Egypt is a wonderland of shopping opportunities. One of the great delights of Egypt is the shopping! However, there are many pitfalls: from learning how to bargain to knowing where the best places are to buy certain goods; from understanding Arabic price tickets to getting the insider knowledge as to which are the best shops to choose. We can guide you to the best shops in each city and town; can tell you which ones are best avoided; and can point out the shops that are the most entertaining(!), if not the best value. |
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